// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package org.apache.tapestry5.corelib.components;

import org.apache.tapestry5.*;
import org.apache.tapestry5.annotations.*;
import org.apache.tapestry5.commons.util.CollectionFactory;
import org.apache.tapestry5.corelib.LoopFormState;
import org.apache.tapestry5.ioc.annotations.Inject;
import org.apache.tapestry5.services.ComponentDefaultProvider;
import org.apache.tapestry5.services.FormSupport;
import org.apache.tapestry5.services.Heartbeat;

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * A basic looping component; loops over a number of items (provided by its source parameter), rendering its body for each
 * one. When a Loop is inside a {@link Form}, it records quite a bit of state into the Form to coordinate access
 * to the same (or equivalent) objects during the form submission as during the render. This is controlled by
 * the formState parameter (of type {@link LoopFormState}) and can be 'none' (nothing stored into the form), 'values'
 * (which stores the individual values looped over, or via a {@link ValueEncoder}, just the value's ids), and
 * 'iteration' (which just stores indexes to the values within the source parameter, which means that the source
 * parameter will be accessed during the form submission).
 *
 * For a non-volatile Loop inside the form, the Loop stores a series of commands that start and end
 * {@linkplain Heartbeat heartbeats}, and stores state for each value in the source parameter (either as full objects
 * when the encoder parameter is not bound, or as client-side objects when there is an encoder). For a Loop that doesn't
 * need to be aware of the enclosing Form (if any), the formState parameter should be bound to 'none'.
 *
 * When the Loop is used inside a Form, it will generate an
 * {@link org.apache.tapestry5.EventConstants#SYNCHRONIZE_VALUES} event to inform its container what values were
 * submitted and in what order; this can allow the container to pre-load the values in a single batch form external
 * storage, if that is appropriate.
 * 
 * @tapestrydoc
 */
@SupportsInformalParameters
@Events(EventConstants.SYNCHRONIZE_VALUES)
public class Loop<T>
{
    /**
     * Setup command for non-volatile rendering.
     */
    private static final ComponentAction<Loop> RESET_INDEX = new ComponentAction<Loop>()
    {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 6477493424977597345L;

        public void execute(Loop component)
        {
            component.resetIndex();
        }

        @Override
        public String toString()
        {
            return "Loop.ResetIndex";
        }
    };

    /**
     * Setup command for volatile rendering. Volatile rendering relies on re-acquiring the Iterator and working our way
     * through it (and hoping for the best!).
     */
    private static final ComponentAction<Loop> SETUP_FOR_VOLATILE = new ComponentAction<Loop>()
    {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -977168791667037377L;

        public void execute(Loop component)
        {
            component.setupForVolatile();
        }

        @Override
        public String toString()
        {
            return "Loop.SetupForVolatile";
        }
    };

    /**
     * Advances to next value in a volatile way. So, the <em>number</em> of steps is intrinsically stored in the Form
     * (as the number of ADVANCE_VOLATILE commands), but the actual values are expressly stored only on the server.
     */
    private static final ComponentAction<Loop> ADVANCE_VOLATILE = new ComponentAction<Loop>()
    {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -4600281573714776832L;

        public void execute(Loop component)
        {
            component.advanceVolatile();
        }

        @Override
        public String toString()
        {
            return "Loop.AdvanceVolatile";
        }
    };

    /**
     * Used in both volatile and non-volatile mode to end the current heartbeat (started by either ADVANCE_VOLATILE or
     * one of the RestoreState commands). Also increments the index.
     */
    private static final ComponentAction<Loop> END_HEARTBEAT = new ComponentAction<Loop>()
    {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -977168791667037377L;

        public void execute(Loop component)
        {
            component.endHeartbeat();
        }

        @Override
        public String toString()
        {
            return "Loop.EndHeartbeat";
        }
    };

    /**
     * Restores a state value (this is the case when there is no encoder and the complete value is stored).
     */
    static class RestoreState implements ComponentAction<Loop>
    {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -3926831611368720764L;

        private final Object storedValue;

        public RestoreState(final Object storedValue)
        {
            this.storedValue = storedValue;
        }

        public void execute(Loop component)
        {
            component.restoreState(storedValue);
        }

        @Override
        public String toString()
        {
            return String.format("Loop.RestoreState[%s]", storedValue);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Restores the value using a stored primary key via {@link ValueEncoder#toValue(String)}.
     */
    static class RestoreStateFromStoredClientValue implements ComponentAction<Loop>
    {
        private final String clientValue;

        public RestoreStateFromStoredClientValue(final String clientValue)
        {
            this.clientValue = clientValue;
        }

        public void execute(Loop component)
        {
            component.restoreStateFromStoredClientValue(clientValue);
        }

        @Override
        public String toString()
        {
            return String.format("Loop.RestoreStateFromStoredClientValue[%s]", clientValue);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Start of processing event that allows the Loop to set up internal bookeeping, to track which values have come up
     * in the form submission.
     */
    static final ComponentAction<Loop> PREPARE_FOR_SUBMISSION = new ComponentAction<Loop>()
    {
        public void execute(Loop component)
        {
            component.prepareForSubmission();
        }

        @Override
        public String toString()
        {
            return "Loop.PrepareForSubmission";
        }
    };

    static final ComponentAction<Loop> NOTIFY_CONTAINER = new ComponentAction<Loop>()
    {
        public void execute(Loop component)
        {
            component.notifyContainer();
        }

        @Override
        public String toString()
        {
            return "Loop.NotifyContainer";
        }
    };

    /**
     * Defines the collection of values for the loop to iterate over. If not specified, defaults to a property of the
     * container whose name matches the Loop cmponent's id.
     */
    @Parameter(required = true, principal = true, autoconnect = true)
    private Iterable<T> source;

    /**
     * A ValueEncoder used to convert server-side objects (provided by the
     * "value" parameter) into unique client-side strings (typically IDs) and
     * back. In general, when using a non-volatile Loop in a Form, you should
     * either provide a ValueEncoder with the encoder parameter or use a "value"
     * type for which Tapestry is configured to provide a ValueEncoder
     * automatically. Otherwise Tapestry must fall back to using the plain
     * index of each loop iteration, rather than the ValueEncoder-provided
     * unique ID, for recording state into the form.
     */
    @Parameter
    private ValueEncoder<T> encoder;

    /**
     * Controls what information, if any, is encoded into an enclosing Form. The default value
     * is {@link org.apache.tapestry5.corelib.LoopFormState#VALUES}. This parameter
     * is only used if the component is enclosed by a Form.
     */
    @Parameter(allowNull = false, defaultPrefix = BindingConstants.LITERAL)
    private LoopFormState formState = LoopFormState.VALUES;

    @Environmental(false)
    private FormSupport formSupport;

    /**
     * The element to render. If not null, then the loop will render the indicated element around its body (on each pass
     * through the loop). The default is derived from the component template.
     */
    @Parameter(defaultPrefix = BindingConstants.LITERAL)
    private String element;

    /**
     * The current value, set before the component renders its body.
     */
    @Parameter(principal = true)
    private T value;

    /**
     * The index into the source items.
     */
    @Parameter
    private int index;

    /**
     * A Block to render instead of the loop when the source is empty. The default is to render nothing.
     */
    @Parameter(defaultPrefix = BindingConstants.LITERAL)
    private Block empty;

    private Iterator<T> iterator;

    @Environmental
    private Heartbeat heartbeat;

    private boolean storeValuesInForm, storeIncrementsInForm, storeHeartbeatsInForm;

    @Inject
    private ComponentResources resources;

    @Inject
    private ComponentDefaultProvider defaultProvider;

    private Block cleanupBlock;

    /**
     * Objects that have been recovered via {@link org.apache.tapestry5.ValueEncoder#toValue(String)} during the
     * processing of the loop. These are sent to the container via an event.
     */
    private List<T> synchonizedValues;

    LoopFormState defaultFormState()
    {
        return LoopFormState.VALUES;
    }

    String defaultElement()
    {
        return resources.getElementName();
    }

    ValueEncoder defaultEncoder()
    {
        return defaultProvider.defaultValueEncoder("value", resources);
    }

    @SetupRender
    boolean setup()
    {
        index = 0;

        iterator = source == null ? null : source.iterator();

        boolean insideForm = formSupport != null;

        storeValuesInForm = insideForm && formState == LoopFormState.VALUES;
        storeIncrementsInForm = insideForm && formState == LoopFormState.ITERATION;

        storeHeartbeatsInForm = insideForm && formState != LoopFormState.NONE;

        if (storeValuesInForm)
            formSupport.store(this, PREPARE_FOR_SUBMISSION);

        // Only render the body if there is something to iterate over

        boolean hasContent = iterator != null && iterator.hasNext();

        if (insideForm && hasContent)
        {
            if (storeValuesInForm)
                formSupport.store(this, RESET_INDEX);
            if (storeIncrementsInForm)
                formSupport.store(this, SETUP_FOR_VOLATILE);
        }

        cleanupBlock = hasContent ? null : empty;

        // Jump directly to cleanupRender if there is no content

        return hasContent;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the empty block, or null, after the render has finished. It will only be the empty block (which itself
     * may be null) if the source was null or empty.
     */
    Block cleanupRender()
    {
        if (storeValuesInForm)
            formSupport.store(this, NOTIFY_CONTAINER);

        return cleanupBlock;
    }

    private void setupForVolatile()
    {
        index = 0;
        iterator = source.iterator();
    }

    private void advanceVolatile()
    {
        value = iterator.next();

        startHeartbeat();
    }

    /**
     * Begins a new heartbeat.
     */
    @BeginRender
    void begin(MarkupWriter writer)
    {
        value = iterator.next();

        if (storeValuesInForm)
        {
            if (encoder == null)
            {
                formSupport.store(this, new RestoreState(value));
            }
            else
            {
                String clientValue = encoder.toClient(value);

                formSupport.store(this, new RestoreStateFromStoredClientValue(clientValue));
            }
        }

        if (storeIncrementsInForm)
        {
            formSupport.store(this, ADVANCE_VOLATILE);
        }

        startHeartbeat();

        if (element != null)
        {
            writer.element(element);
            resources.renderInformalParameters(writer);
        }
    }

    private void startHeartbeat()
    {
        heartbeat.begin();
    }

    /**
     * Ends the current heartbeat.
     */
    @AfterRender
    Boolean after(MarkupWriter writer)
    {
        if (element != null)
            writer.end();

        endHeartbeat();

        if (storeHeartbeatsInForm)
        {
            formSupport.store(this, END_HEARTBEAT);
        }

        return iterator.hasNext() ? false : null;
    }

    private void endHeartbeat()
    {
        heartbeat.end();

        index++;
    }

    private void resetIndex()
    {
        index = 0;
    }

    /**
     * Restores state previously stored by the Loop into a Form.
     */
    private void restoreState(T storedValue)
    {
        value = storedValue;

        startHeartbeat();
    }

    /**
     * Restores state previously encoded by the Loop and stored into the Form.
     */
    private void restoreStateFromStoredClientValue(String clientValue)
    {
        // We assume that if an encoder is available when we rendered, that one will be available
        // when the form is submitted.

        T restoredValue = encoder.toValue(clientValue);

        restoreState(restoredValue);

        synchonizedValues.add(restoredValue);
    }

    private void prepareForSubmission()
    {
        synchonizedValues = CollectionFactory.newList();
    }

    private void notifyContainer()
    {
        Object[] values = synchonizedValues.toArray();

        resources.triggerEvent(EventConstants.SYNCHRONIZE_VALUES, values, null);
    }

    // For testing:

    public int getIndex()
    {
        return index;
    }

    public T getValue()
    {
        return value;
    }

    void setSource(Iterable<T> source)
    {
        this.source = source;
    }

    void setHeartbeat(Heartbeat heartbeat)
    {
        this.heartbeat = heartbeat;
    }
}